Belonging in the Intercultural Communication - 1930 Words

2. Analyze how ‘belonging’ is central to intercultural communication. Every individual definitely belongs to something. As a mankind, every individual belong to the place where they born or raise. ‘Belonging’ means that every individual always adopt the life style and culture from the country or a group each individual raised or born. For example, the ways individual eats, how every individual communicate and interact with others. Every place or group has different life style and culture from the other. Every culture has differences, from these differences, the way each individual behave and perceive the world also different. This essay deals with a question: how ‘belonging’ is central to intercultural communication and there are†¦show more content†¦Enculturation or socialization is the process in the childhood when occurs into familiar members of culture community. Enculturation is cultural adaptation. Then second phase is acculturation. Marden amp; Meyer as cited in Kim (2003, p. 245) said â€Å"the change in indi viduals whose primary learning has been in one culture and who take over traits from another culture.† it means that learning one’s own culture as the individuals took. After acculturation, the individual start to deculturation. Deculturation means that the individual entering the process of learning the new culture. For example, food habit, behavior and values from a new culture. When an individual learning something new, it will also lose something old. Last phase is assimilation. Assimilation is the last phase of acculturation and deculturation. Acculturation, deculturation and assimilation are the process when individual experiences cross-cultural adaptation. Example for acculturation, decculturation and assimilation above is when Indonesian people move to work in Australia, Australian people is a straight forward. They will talk to the point. In Indonesia, when people talk straightforward the culture assume that is impolite. So when the Western supervisor admonishe d the employee, who comes from Indonesia with Australian’s culture, the Indonesian will feel offended. They willShow MoreRelatedCommunication Is A Human Relationship Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication is one of the most loosely defined terms in cultural studies. It encompasses a whole variety of experiences, events, actions and multitude happenings. The English world communication has been derived from latin word ‘communis’ which means to make common. In the simplest words, communication is a human relationship involving two or more persons who come together to share their views on a particular topic or to resolve a particular issue. The contemporary period has been labeled as theRead MoreIntercultural Competence : Understanding The Values Of People, Cultures, And Lifestyles1682 Words   |  7 PagesIntercultural Competence are abilities to adeptly navigate complex environments marked by a growing diversity of people, cultures, and lifestyles, which, in other terms, means abilities to perform effectively and properly when interacting with others that are culturally different than them. (Fantini Tirmizi, 2006). When given the relevance for social and political life, the scope of intercultural competence aims to free people from their own logic in order to engage with others and listen to theirRead MoreCan Anyone Imagine the World without Communication648 Words   |  3 Pagesanyone imagine the world without communication? For the most of the people communication is something that comes naturally and binds them together so they can live, work, share ideas together or create something that is unique and priceless. 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Until I have read the first chapter of the book Intercultural Communication: Globalization and Social Justice by Kathryn Sorrell, I began to think more deeply about this concept, about my cultural identity and positionality. My view about culture became broaden when I learned about the definition of culture which is a site of shared meaning, of contested meaning, and a resource. To me, intercultural communication is a process of exploring oneâ⠂¬â„¢s culture among different groups. BecauseRead MoreCross Cultural Relationships1105 Words   |  5 Pagesneed to develop intercultural competences that can help them be more aware of their own culturally-based perceptions, norms, and patterns of thinking, and consequently adapt their behaviors according to specific cultural contexts. Managing people across cultures  offers solid theoretical frameworks and practical insights to handle the cultural challenges in managing people in a globalized workplace. Cross cultural management addresses topics including cross-cultural communication and understandingRead MoreCommunication Accommodation Theory And Social Structure1383 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay focuses on the communication accommodation theory along side the concept of discourse and social structure, and the power effects of labels. In intercultural communication, language facilitates understanding and although is an imperative role, at times, it can be a barrier. To assist this understanding, the communication accommodation theory focuses of the view that individuals adjust their verbal communication (p. 56). In intercultural communication, the partner’s ability to understandRead MoreDiversity Training And Cultural Sensitivity Training Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesdecreasing productivity, among a multicultural group of employees Integrating Varied Perspectives Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of varied perspectives, meanings and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify intercultural leader/subordinate relationships. The internet, social media, and international travel have expedited a global consumption of cultures. The circulation of cultures has enables individuals to partake in extended social relations that cross internationalRead MoreCo-Cultures in a Multicultural Society Paper1314 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Æ' Co-Cultures in a Multicultural Society Paper The movie Fools Rush In is a great example of how gender as well as cultural differences can hinder communication in a multicultural society. Fools Rush In is about two people, Alex and Isabel, who come from two different cultural backgrounds who after a one night stand become pregnant and decide to get married. However, along with the marriage come compromises that include cultural traditions and personal sacrifices. The movie is a comedy but canRead MoreReflective Essay : Being A Vietnamese1542 Words   |  7 Pageslayer. I will examine what values and beliefs are considered important in my culture. Those are components of the inner core. Then, I will take some examples of the intermediate layer (expression of cultural activities by manifestation) such as communication patterns, customs and festivals. I was born in a Vietnamese family. Both my father and mother are Vietnamese. My parents were born in the countryside and they spent their childhood there. When they grew up, they moved to the city to look for

The Attachment Of Attachment Behavioral Systems - 1057 Words

but are quickly soothed upon reunion. The anxious-ambivalent and disorganized infants are characterized with thrilling anxiety during separation and strive for closeness to their attachment figure upon reunion. The anxious-avoidant children appear content during the absence of their attachment figure and not predominantly engrossed in seeking juxtaposition and soothing upon reunion. These children are anxious during separation and they learned to suppress their emotions (Berzoff, 2011). Disorganized children are particularly ambivalent upon reunion with their attachment figure, both synchronously approaching and avoiding contact. Most of the infants display a collapse of attachment strategies which results to dissociated†¦show more content†¦Bowlby’s theory is fundamentally, based on scientific findings on early attachment development from childhood to adulthood (Fischer, 2006). He observed that infants separated from their parents or caregivers are emotionally dist ressed. Bowlby believed that individual’s behavior could be naturally well understood through the analysis of characteristic exploration that is connected with psychodynamic affiliation. Bowlby’s exodus from the traditional psychoanalytic theory at that time, earned him many years of hatred by his pears. It was after his death in 1990 that the British analytic community issued a formal apology to his family for their negative action against him (Fischer, 2006). Culture/Diversity: According to Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health, approximately 20% of African Americans are more likely to experience serious mental health problems than the general population (Census, 2016). This is due to exposure to violent environment and homelessness which can increase anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression etc., (Ward, 2013). African Americans are more likely to be victims of violent crime which are influenced by the risk for developing a mental health is sue. Such as; Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicide, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The belief and stigma of mental health as a bad reflection on the African American family could be seen as aShow MoreRelatedFactors That Influence Attachment Between Foster Children And Their Caregivers1161 Words   |  5 Pageswas to examine the factors that influence attachment between foster children and their caregivers. This study contained a sample size of 61 children that ranged in age from two years old to seven years old. Some measures of this study are children that internalize and externalize their behavioral problems and the symptoms that relate to attachment disorder. The hypotheses of this study are that inhibited and disinhibited subtype of reactive attachment disorder have not association with a parentsRead MoreBowlby : The Father Of Attachment Theory1503 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered to be the Father of Attachment Theory. He believed infants have a b iological predisposition to form attachments with others because they depend on others to fulfill their needs for survival. He also believed attachment instinct could be activated by various threats, such as fear and separatism. This instinct is activated because primary caregivers allow infants to develop a sense of security and secure base for the infants to explore the world. The attachment theory developed when BowlbyRead MoreRelationship Between Security Of Attachment And Cognitive Development1513 Words   |  7 Pagesof attachment and cognitive development creates the underlying foundation from which individual’s operate throughout the lifespan (Carruth, 2006). The security of attachment between an infant and their primary caregiver can have profound consequences for the developing brain, impacting an infant’s future relationships, self-esteem, and ability to self-regulate emotions (Carruth, 2006). Attachment theory, first theorized by John Bowlby (1988), stre sses the significance of secure attachments in relationRead MoreRelationship Between Security Of Attachment And Cognitive Development1513 Words   |  7 Pagesof attachment and cognitive development creates the underlying foundation from which individual’s operate throughout the lifespan (Carruth, 2006). The security of attachment between an infant and their primary caregiver can have profound consequences for the developing brain, impacting an infant’s future relationships, self-esteem, and ability to self-regulate emotions (Carruth, 2006). Attachment theory, first theorized by John Bowlby (1988), stresses the significance of secure attachments in relationRead MoreMy Point Of View Attachment Theory1033 Words   |  5 PagesMain Post Attachment theory is defined as the characters associated with the long term associated of human beings. From my point of view attachment is a lasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver, a reciprocal relationship. John Bowlby who used his knowledge in developmental psychology, psychoanalysis, ethology, and data processing to base his principle of the theory developed attachment theory. John Bowlby believed that attachment theory was on of the four essential behavioralRead MoreLisa Is A Candidate For Interventions That Address Her1622 Words   |  7 Pagesaddress her traumatic past, her attachment disruptions, and the internalizing behaviors. She could possibly benefit from Attachment, Regulation, and Competency (ARC) treatment or CBT. Her internalizing behaviors may impart be associated with her insecure attachment that was a result of her not feeling safe and aforementioned disruptions with attachment figures. The attachment theory has been well researched a nd studies have made a correlation between disruptions in attachment and mental health issues.Read MoreThe Motivation For Volunteering Is Not Always Based On Altruistic Motives1220 Words   |  5 PagesBy utilizing Bowlby’s attachment theory to break down and better understand individual involvement or lack of involvement in volunteering, and then separating their individual motives into the six categories refined and developed by (Clary ET AL. 1998) from the functional theorizing of Katz in 1960 and Smith in 1956, in Understanding and Assessing the Motivation for Volunteering. We can examine how these two support systems compliment and interplay in the minds of potential support providers, andRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Early Trauma On Children1521 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopmental delays, and ongoing attachment issues. Introduction The experience of my family in facing difficult in and perplexing behaviors in foster and adopted children is not an uncommon one. It is argued that breaks in the attachment cycle for children in foster care both cause undesirable behaviors, and that undesirable behaviors in turn create a higher likelihood of placement break down. (Newton, R. R., Litrownik, A. J., Landsverk, J. A., 2000). If a child’s attachment to a caregiver has suchRead MoreReactive Attachment Disorder Of Children1512 Words   |  7 PagesReactive Attachment Disorder in Children Introduction to the Diagnosis According to Bowlby, the founder of attachment theory, a dependable, safe, and caring relationship with a primary caregiver is vital to an infant’s psychological health (Bowlby, 1951). In particular, children lacking a secure attachment with their primary caregivers are at risk of developing emotional and behavioral issues (Blakely Dziadosz, 2015). Unfortunately, the human bonds normally formed in infancy are fractured in neglectedRead MoreChildhood Is An Exceptional And Progressive Time Of Physical, Behavioral, And Emotional Development1205 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood is an exceptional and progressive time of physical, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional development (Cozolino, 2010). The brain and its biological stress system are genetically programmed and influenced by early experience. Trauma has developmental consequences on children. Developmental traumatology research is â€Å"systemic investigation of the psychiatric and psychobiological impact of the overwhelmin g and chronic interpersonal violence on the developing child† (De Bellis, 2001, p. 539)

Neonatal Screening Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(163) " established in a population baseline survey that measured meconium FAEEs in newborns born to ascetics, societal drinkers, and confirmed heavy drinkers \( 16 \) \." Methods: We assessed whether adult females would be willing to partake in a pilot testing plan for antenatal intoxicant exposure in a bad obstetric unit antecedently shown to hold a high prevalence of FAEE-positive meconium when tested anonymously. The testing plan involved voluntary testing of meconium for FAEEs and long-run developmental followup of positive instances through an bing public wellness plan. Consequences: The engagement rate in the showing plan was significantly lower than when proving was offered anonymously ( 78 % vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Neonatal Screening Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 95 % , severally ; p lt ; 0.05 ) , and the positiveness rate was 3 % A in contrast to 30 % observed under anon. conditions ( P lt ; 0.01 ) . Interpretation: These low rates suggest that the bulk of imbibing female parents refused to take part. We conclude that despite the possible benefits of such screening plans, maternal involuntariness to consent, probably due to fear, embarrassment, and guilt, may restrict the effectivity of meconium proving for population-based unfastened showing. Introduction: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ( FASD ) encompasses the wide scope of physical, cognitive, and behavioural disablements that can originate due to antenatal intoxicant exposure ( 1 ) . Affecting an estimated 9.1/1000 unrecorded births, it is a taking preventable cause of mental deceleration in the western universe ( 2 ) , with estimated one-year costs in Canada transcending $ 5 billion in productiveness losingss, medical costs, particular instruction, societal services, and projecting behaviors ( 3 ) . Although the primary alcohol-induced harm is lasting, early diagnosing is good and associated with a reduced hazard of secondary disablements such as disrupted school experience, unemployment, institutionalization, and problem with the jurisprudence ; probably because it permits early intercession and specialised support ( 4 ) . Unfortunately, acknowledging FASD is highly ambitious and diagnosing is frequently contingent upon set uping a history of important in-utero intoxicant exposure ( 1 ) . Since maternal studies are undependable in providing this information due to remember prejudice and common underreporting ( 5 ; 6 ) , nonsubjective biomarkers have been investigated. Fatty acerb ethyl esters ( FAEEs ) are non-oxidative metabolites of ethyl alcohol formed by esterification of ethyl alcohol to endogenous fatty acids or fatty acyl-CoA ( 7 ; 8 ) that sedimentation and accumulate in foetal meconium ( 9 ; 10 ) . Numerous surveies have validated meconium FAEEs as biomarkers of heavy antenatal intoxicant exposure happening in the last two trimesters of gestation ( 11-19 ) ; understanding between meconium FAEEs and assorted alcohol-related results has been demonstrated ( 18 ; 20-23 ) ; and this trial has been used anonymously to obtain epidemiological informations on antenatal intoxicant exposure in selected populations ( 23-25 ) . It has been recognized that meconium analysis may function as a neonatal showing tool for the designation of alcohol-exposed neonates, and could potentially be implemented as a cosmopolitan screen or targeted to bad populations ( 26 ) . Such testing would non merely supply accurate exposure history required for diagnosing, but if implemented along with a comprehensive follow-up plan and intercessions, could ease early acknowledgment and intervention of FASD ( 26-28 ) . As an added value, it may place and let for intercession in problem-drinking female parents, which, in bend, may forestall future alcohol-exposed gestations ( 7 ) . However, since informed consent from a competent patient or appointed guardian prior to intervention or testing is an ethical and legal constituent of medical pattern ( 29 ; 30 ) , a testing plan of this nature would necessitate consent of the kid ‘s legal defender ( typically the parent ) . This may decrease the value of meconium showing in a clinica l scene since embarrassment, guilt, and frights of stigma and child apprehensiveness may discourage adult females who consumed intoxicant from accepting to proving despite the possible value to child wellness. To find if adult females would volitionally take part in a neonatal showing plan for antenatal intoxicant exposure, we offered meconium proving with subsequent followup, intercessions and societal supports, to adult females from a regional Ontario population presenting in a bad obstetric unit antecedently shown to hold a high prevalence of alcohol-exposed newborns as determined by anon. meconium proving. We assessed the rates of voluntary engagement and positiveness for intoxicant exposure, and compared these with the rates observed with anon. proving. Methods: Capable enlisting: Written informed consent for meconium FAEE analysis and followup of those proving positive was sought from all Grey-Bruce adult females presenting at St. Joseph ‘s Health Care in London Ontario from November 1st, 2008 to May 31st, 2010. Briefly, Grey-Bruce occupants identified by nurses were informed of the survey, offered showing, and given an Informed Consent papers to reexamine and subscribe if they chose to take part. Womans were besides informed of the survey through booklets and postings in the pregnancy ward. It was stressed that a positive trial or self-report of imbibing in gestation would non ask engagement of kid protection bureaus, but would be used to originate follow-up by the Public Health nurse and her section and to mobilise support services if needed. Meconium aggregation, handling, and analysis: Meconium specimens from newborns born to accepting adult females were collected into 50-mL screw cap conelike polypropene tubings ( Sarstedt AG A ; Co. , Numbrecht, Germany ) by nursing staff and labeled with the capable figure to guarantee confidentiality. Samples were stored onsite at -20A °C and shipped on dry ice to the Motherisk Laboratory at Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario on a fortnightly footing where they were stored at -80A °C until analysis. Meconium FAEEs were measured utilizing headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The method involves the sensing and quantification of four FAEEs ( ethyl palmitate, linoleate, oleate, and stearate ) utilizing matching d5-ethyl esters as internal criterions. It has been developed and validated in our research lab, and published in item elsewhere ( 31 ; 32 ) . Heptane, ethyl esters ( palmitate, linoleate, oleate, stearate ) , fatty acids ( palmitic, linoleic, oleic, stearic ) , anhydrous ethanol-d6, and thionyl chloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. ( St. Louis, MO ) . Acetone was obtained from EMD Chemicals Inc. ( Gibbstown, NJ ) . Chromatograms were analyzed utilizing LabSolutions GCMSsolution package version 2.50SU1 ( Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan ) . A cumulative amount of a†°?2.00 nmol FAEE/gram meconium was considered positive, bespeaking heavy imbibing with 100 % sensitiveness and 98.4 % specificity as was established in a population ba seline survey that measured meconium FAEEs in newborns born to ascetics, societal drinkers, and confirmed heavy drinkers ( 16 ) . You read "Neonatal Screening Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Maternal and neonatal features: Capable features along with gestation and bringing information were obtained from charts of accepting adult females. Additionally, information on intoxicant usage was obtained by the nursing staff utilizing the Parkyn Screening Tool ; a everyday postpartum questionnaire. Follow-up and neurodevelopmental appraisal: Children with positive meconium consequences were followed-up through Ontario ‘s †Healthy Babies Healthy Children † ( HBHC ) plan that involves postpartum home-visits by public wellness nurses who provide personalized support and instruction to households with neonates ( 33 ) . In this survey, the nurse assigned to a positive instance was notified of meconium trial consequences, conducted an in-depth household appraisal ( including a screen for intoxicant usage upsets ) , and enrolled the household in an on-going home-visiting plan with an individualised household service program that included regular appraisals of developmental mileposts utilizing the Ages and Stages QuestionnairesA ® ( ASQ ) . Children with positive trial consequences besides received neurodevelopmental appraisal by a certified clinical psychologist during two place visits ; around 3 months and 1-1.5 old ages of age. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition ( Bayley-III A ® ) was used, which measures infant cognitive, lingual, and motor operation. If developmental holds were detected, extra service suppliers were engaged through referrals to intercession plans and specialized services that were provided through HBHC plan and Grey-Bruce Health Unit at no cost to the household. Need for referral to diagnostic services at the Hospital for Sick Children was assessed. Extra support services for the household were available if needed, including dependence intervention, guidance, rearing support, instruction on FASD, nutrition, employment, and diversion. Comparison with anon. meconium testing: The showing plan was launched in a bad obstetric unit where a old survey, utilizing anon. meconium testing, observed a 12-fold higher hazard of FAEE-positive meconium in adult females referred to this site as compared to the general population of the part ( 30 % vs. 2.5 % ) . About 95 % of adult females participated in that survey. To find whether adult females who consumed intoxicant during gestation agreed to take part in the pilot unfastened testing plan, the rates of voluntary engagement and positiveness for antenatal intoxicant exposure observed in our unfastened plan, were compared to rates observed in that old anon. survey conducted in the same obstetrical unit a twelvemonth before ( 25 ) . Fisher ‘s Exact Test was used to compare the consequences of the two surveies. Two-tailed P-value lt ; 0.05 was considered statistically important. Ethical motives: The survey was approved by the research moralss boards of the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Western Ontario. Consequence: Willingness of female parents to take part in unfastened testing plan: Sixty female parents from Grey-Bruce were identified at St. Joseph ‘s Hospital and offered meconium showing, of which 47 adult females consented, numbering a 78 % consent rate ( Figure 1 ) . The maternal and neonatal features of accepting topics are presented in Table 1. The consent rate was significantly lower than that observed in old survey in which meconium was tested anonymously ( 95 % vs. 78 % ) ( P lt ; 0.05 ) ( Table 2 ) . Of involvement, we documented one case where a adult female recalled take parting in the anon. prevalence survey with her old babe, but refused to take part in this unfastened testing plan when told there would be follow-up of positive instances. Additionally, we encountered a adult female who, although agreed to take part, was uncooperative, repeatedly pretermiting to advise the nurses that meconium had passed and flinging the samples so that none were collected. Positivity for antenatal intoxicant exposure in pilot testing plan: Samples were collected from 50 newborns of which 39 were successfully analyzed ( Figure 1 ) . Merely one of the 39 samples tested above the positive cut-off ( a†°?2 nmol/g ) for FAEE ( 52 nmol/g ) , which translated to a 3 % positiveness rate for antenatal intoxicant exposure. Eleven samples were non-analyzable because of presence of contaminations and/or postpartum stool that impeded chromatography. The ascertained 3 % positiveness rate for antenatal ethyl alcohol exposure was tenfold lower than the 30 % positiveness rate observed under anon. conditions in the old survey ( P lt ; 0.01 ) ( Table 2 ) . Maternal self-report of intoxicant usage in gestation: Chart reviews did non uncover that substance maltreatment ( intoxicant or drugs ) was the primary ground for referral to St. Joseph ‘s Health Care in any of the instances. Three adult females admitted to devouring any sum of intoxicant in gestation on their antenatal consumption signifiers, including the adult female whose babe ‘s meconium tested positive for FAEEs. However, none reported refering intoxicant usage, with one adult female saying that she drank a†°Ã‚ ¤2 drinks per hebdomad, another coverage that she consumed an â€Å" occasional drink † , and the 3rd saying she drank merely prior to her cognition of gestation without traveling into farther inside informations. Follow-up and neurodevelopmental appraisal of positive instance: One newborn tested positive for heavy antenatal ethyl alcohol exposure ( 52 nmol FAEE/g meconium ) . Follow-up was arranged as per protocol through the HBHC plan and a public wellness nurse assigned to the instance initiated an appropriate household service program affecting place visits and frequent appraisals of the baby ‘s development. Neurodevelopmental appraisal conducted by a certified clinical psychologist at 3 months of age utilizing BSID-IIIA ® did non uncover any holds ; nevertheless, holds in motor development became evident in 6-month and 8-month appraisals conducted by the public wellness nurse utilizing ASQ. At the 14-month appraisal conducted by a clinical psychologist utilizing BSID-III, the kid scored in low mean scope on motor and linguistic communication graduated tables, exposing holds peculiarly in gross motor and expressive linguistic communication operation, which were good below age outlooks ( in the 9th and 5th percentile, severally ) . The baby was e nrolled in an Infant and Child Development plan and will be referred to a Language and Speech development plan. Referrals to diagnostic clinics have non yet been made, and it is non known whether the ascertained holds are alcohol-related or possibly due to other factors. Interpretation: We observed that engagement and positiveness rates in our unfastened pilot testing plan were significantly lower than those observed when the trial was offered anonymously in the same bad unit, proposing that many adult females who consumed intoxicant in gestation refused to take part, non wishing to be identified by the showing plan. Of involvement, if we assume that all refusals were in fact positive samples, the positiveness rate in our population would number 27 % , which is similar to the positiveness rate observed by Goh and co-workers with anon. meconium testing ( 25 ) . To our cognition, this is the first survey to use biomarkers of foetal intoxicant exposure in an unfastened showing plan designed to ease diagnosing and intervention of alcohol-affected kids. Our consequences suggest that, despite the possible benefits that such screening plans may supply ( as was exemplified by the positive instance ) , adult females ‘s involuntariness to consent may decrease the value of unfastened population-based showing. Schemes to better engagement would necessitate to be investigated if meconium showing is implemented in clinical pattern. For illustration, the â€Å" opt-out † method to derive consent was shown to give higher proving rates in neonatal HIV showing ( 34 ) . Engagement rates may besides increase with societal selling, public instruction, and as the trial becomes established in society. If this occurs, the testing plan piloted here may function as a theoretical account for a plan that can be implemented in a clinical scene since it ut ilized presently bing services in the community. The developmental followup of kids identified by the screen was integrated into Ontario ‘s HBHC plan, and aid to kids exposing holds was provided through bing community wellness plans and services, such as address and linguistic communication, baby and kid development, and rearing support ; which may all be adapted to integrate intercessions and schemes shown to be effectual in helping kids with FASD and their households ( 35 ; 36 ) . Low engagement is non the lone possible obstruction to implementing testing in clinical pattern. The costs and resources required for proving, follow-up, diagnosing, and intercessions, every bit good as, system capacity to manage these instances, must be considered. Two cost-effectiveness surveies analyzing similar conjectural showing plans showed that decrease in secondary disablements and primary bar of FASD by intercession and instruction of female parents may take to social nest eggs ( 27 ; 28 ) . However, more surveies with concrete cost input variables are needed to find this. Furthermore, several ethical considerations could besides impede testing execution. Although showing can better quality of life through early diagnosing, observing maternal imbibing during gestation and labeling kids as â€Å" at-risk † may transport serious psychosocial deductions for these kids and their households, and affect relationships both within the household and between the household and society, including their service suppliers ( 37 ) . The trial consequences may potentially be misused by tribunals, societal services, insurance companies, and even within the health-care system through stigmatisation of patients ensuing in their under-treatment. To guarantee that households experience maximal benefits and minimal hazards, issues environing confidentiality, entree to consequences, and their usage, must be carefully considered. Our survey has restrictions. The pilot testing plan was implemented at a third parturition site, which was chosen due to the high prevalence of FAEE-positive meconium shown in a old anon. survey. Because Grey-Bruce communities are reasonably little in size, the consequences may hold been different if showing was implemented at a primary parturition site, where patients may be more trusting of their wellness attention suppliers, who probably provided them with antenatal attention. Alternatively, because the community is little, adult females may be even less likely to accept because of frights of stigmatisation and other societal deductions that may be more marked in a little community. Whatever the instance may be, the consequences may non be applicable to a primary health-care scene in a little community. To sum up, this is the first survey to implement an unfastened neonatal testing plan for antenatal intoxicant exposure aimed at easing sensing and direction of FASD. Follow-up, intercessions, and support plans were individualized and offered within the model of presently available services in the country, thereby patterning a plan that could be implemented in clinical pattern. We demonstrated that adult females ‘s involuntariness to partake in this showing, particularly of those who consumed intoxicant in gestation, may impede the execution of such testing plans in clinical pattern. Future surveies should research schemes that may better adult females ‘s willingness to consent, every bit good as, evaluate and reference other possible barriers to testing by finding the cost-effectiveness, logistics, and best patterns for plan execution. How to cite Neonatal Screening Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Body Image of Women Essay Example For Students

Body Image of Women Essay Body Image of WomenEleven million women in the United States suffer from eating disorders- either self-induced semi-starvation (anorexia nervosa) or a cycle of bingeing and purging with laxatives, self-induced vomiting, or excessive exercise (bulimia nervosa) (Dunn, 1992). Many eating disorder specialists agree that chronic dieting is a direct consequence of the social pressure on American females to achieve a nearly impossible thinness. The media has been denounced for upholding and perhaps even creating the emaciated standard of beauty by which females are taught from childhood to judge the worth of their own bodies (Stephens Hill, 1994). To explore the broader context of this controversial issue, this paper draws upon several aspects on how the media influences young womens body image. This paper examines an exploration of the prevalence and the source of body dissatisfaction in American females and considers existing research that presents several important aspects regarding the nature of the connection between advertising and body dissatisfaction. From these distinctions, it will be shown that the media has a large impact on womens body image and that the cultural ideal of a thin body is detrimental to the American females body perception that often results in poor eating pathologies. Body image can be defined as an individuals subjective concept of his or her physical appearance. Body image involves both a perceptual and attitudinal element. The self-perceptual component consists of what an individual sees or thinks in body size, shape, and appearance. A disturbance in the perceptual element of body image is generally reflected in a distorted perception of body size, shape, and appearance. The attitudinal component reflects how we feel about those attributes and how the feelings motivate certain behavior (Shaw Waller, 1995). Disturbances in the attitudinal element usually result in dissatisfaction with body appearance (Monteath McCabe, 1997). Perceptions about body images are shaped from a variety of experiences and begin to develop in early childhood. It has been shown that children learn to favor thin body shapes by the time they enter school (Cohn Adler, 1992). Gustafson, Larsen, and Terry (1992) reported that 60.3 percent of fourth grade girls wanted to be thinner, and the desire for less body fat was significantly associated with an increase occurrence of weight-loss related behaviors. Overall body size and image concerns have been reported to be more prevalent among females than males. Gender related differences in acceptable body size are shaped from a variety of societal definitions of appealing shapes for males and females. Patterns of body dissatisfaction formed in childhood and adolescence persist into adulthood and are most prevalent in females. In their study, Fallon and Rozin (1985) reported that college women perceive their figure to be heavier than the figure they identified as the most attractive to themselves (Lavine, Sweeney, Wagener, 1999). Females experience a large discrepancy with food. On one hand, food is depicted as a reward or indulgence, or as a way of socializing. On the other hand, women are supposed to be fit and thin, which is difficult to accomplish if females indulge in the large repertoire of food (Stuhldreher William, 1999). The diet-obsessive mind of advertising in many womens magazines provides a sharp contrast to the hedonistic view toward food. In several magazines, even the food advertisements focus more on dieting than on quality of food. Thus there are clear and quite strict limits on the degree to which American females may attempt to satisfy their hedonistic impulses toward food (Lennon, Lillethun, Backland, 1999). Societal standards of beauty change dramatically over time. Today the body ideal is to be thin. However, this has not always been the case. .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .postImageUrl , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:hover , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:visited , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:active { border:0!important; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:active , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mental Illness Essay In the 19th century large women were thought of as the image of beauty. The body ideal in the 1920s was similar to that of today, which is thin (Brumberg, 1988). However, this look was achieved through the use of clothing styles and fashion. Then in the 1950s, more voluptuous figures were the ideal. Since that time the ideal body shape for women has become more and more slender (Borzekowski, Robinson, Killen, 2000). Unfortunately, for many people the ideal thin body is nearly impossible to achieve. This makes women

Body Image of Women Essay Example For Students

Body Image of Women Essay Body Image of WomenEleven million women in the United States suffer from eating disorders- either self-induced semi-starvation (anorexia nervosa) or a cycle of bingeing and purging with laxatives, self-induced vomiting, or excessive exercise (bulimia nervosa) (Dunn, 1992). Many eating disorder specialists agree that chronic dieting is a direct consequence of the social pressure on American females to achieve a nearly impossible thinness. The media has been denounced for upholding and perhaps even creating the emaciated standard of beauty by which females are taught from childhood to judge the worth of their own bodies (Stephens Hill, 1994). To explore the broader context of this controversial issue, this paper draws upon several aspects on how the media influences young womens body image. This paper examines an exploration of the prevalence and the source of body dissatisfaction in American females and considers existing research that presents several important aspects regarding the nature of the connection between advertising and body dissatisfaction. From these distinctions, it will be shown that the media has a large impact on womens body image and that the cultural ideal of a thin body is detrimental to the American females body perception that often results in poor eating pathologies. Body image can be defined as an individuals subjective concept of his or her physical appearance. Body image involves both a perceptual and attitudinal element. The self-perceptual component consists of what an individual sees or thinks in body size, shape, and appearance. A disturbance in the perceptual element of body image is generally reflected in a distorted perception of body size, shape, and appearance. The attitudinal component reflects how we feel about those attributes and how the feelings motivate certain behavior (Shaw Waller, 1995). Disturbances in the attitudinal element usually result in dissatisfaction with body appearance (Monteath McCabe, 1997). Perceptions about body images are shaped from a variety of experiences and begin to develop in early childhood. It has been shown that children learn to favor thin body shapes by the time they enter school (Cohn Adler, 1992). Gustafson, Larsen, and Terry (1992) reported that 60.3 percent of fourth grade girls wanted to be thinner, and the desire for less body fat was significantly associated with an increase occurrence of weight-loss related behaviors. Overall body size and image concerns have been reported to be more prevalent among females than males. Gender related differences in acceptable body size are shaped from a variety of societal definitions of appealing shapes for males and females. Patterns of body dissatisfaction formed in childhood and adolescence persist into adulthood and are most prevalent in females. In their study, Fallon and Rozin (1985) reported that college women perceive their figure to be heavier than the figure they identified as the most attractive to themselves (Lavine, Sweeney, Wagener, 1999). Females experience a large discrepancy with food. On one hand, food is depicted as a reward or indulgence, or as a way of socializing. On the other hand, women are supposed to be fit and thin, which is difficult to accomplish if females indulge in the large repertoire of food (Stuhldreher William, 1999). The diet-obsessive mind of advertising in many womens magazines provides a sharp contrast to the hedonistic view toward food. In several magazines, even the food advertisements focus more on dieting than on quality of food. Thus there are clear and quite strict limits on the degree to which American females may attempt to satisfy their hedonistic impulses toward food (Lennon, Lillethun, Backland, 1999). Societal standards of beauty change dramatically over time. Today the body ideal is to be thin. However, this has not always been the case. .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .postImageUrl , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:hover , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:visited , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:active { border:0!important; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:active , .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u573e97e3aeec141cb830208ad33bf00f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mental Illness Essay In the 19th century large women were thought of as the image of beauty. The body ideal in the 1920s was similar to that of today, which is thin (Brumberg, 1988). However, this look was achieved through the use of clothing styles and fashion. Then in the 1950s, more voluptuous figures were the ideal. Since that time the ideal body shape for women has become more and more slender (Borzekowski, Robinson, Killen, 2000). Unfortunately, for many people the ideal thin body is nearly impossible to achieve. This makes women